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What is a database? What are relational and non-relational databases?

A database is a collection of data that is organized in a specific way to facilitate access, retrieval, and management of data. Databases are used to store and manage data in various applications such as websites, mobile apps, desktop applications, and enterprise systems.

There are two main types of databases: relational and non-relational databases.

Relational databases are based on the relational model, which organizes data into one or more tables (also called relations). Each table consists of rows (also called records or tuples) and columns (also called attributes or fields). The tables are related to each other using common fields (also called keys) that are used to establish relationships between the tables. Examples of relational databases include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Non-relational databases are also known as NoSQL databases. These databases are designed to handle unstructured data, which does not fit into a traditional table structure. Non-relational databases can store data in various formats such as key-value pairs, documents, graphs, and columns. Non-relational databases are often used for large-scale data storage and processing in applications such as social media, e-commerce, and big data analytics. Examples of non-relational databases include MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, and Amazon DynamoDB.

The choice of database type depends on the requirements of the application. Relational databases are typically used for applications that require structured data storage and complex querying capabilities. Non-relational databases are used for applications that require high scalability, high availability, and fast data processing.