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Case rules for SQL statements in MySQL

In MySQL, keywords, function names, and identifiers are not case-sensitive. That means you can write your SQL statements in any case, and MySQL will interpret them the same way. However, there are a few important exceptions and recommendations to consider:

Database and table names: The case sensitivity of database, table, trigger, or event names depends on the underlying operating system. For example, on Unix-based systems like Linux, MySQL treats database and table names as case-sensitive. However, on Windows, these names are case-insensitive. To avoid confusion, it's generally recommended to always treat database and table names as case-sensitive.
Column names and aliases: Column names and aliases are case-insensitive. For instance, SELECT columnName FROM tableName; and SELECT columnname FROM tablename; are equivalent.
String comparisons: When comparing string values, MySQL is case-insensitive by default. That means 'abc' is considered equal to 'ABC'. However, this behavior depends on the collation of the column. If you're using a case-sensitive collation, string comparisons will be case-sensitive.
Best Practice: Even though SQL is case-insensitive, it is a common practice to write SQL keywords in uppercase and identifiers (like database names, table names, column names, etc.) in lowercase. This can make SQL statements easier to read and understand.

Here is an example of a SQL statement following these best practices:

SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE other_column = 'value';

Remember, the case sensitivity rules can be affected by the configuration of your MySQL server, the operating system it's running on, and the collation settings of your database, tables, and columns.

Quoting Identifiers for Case-Sensitive SQL Statements in MySQL:
- To enforce case sensitivity, use backticks (`) to quote identifiers.
- Example:
```
SELECT `columnName` FROM `TableName`;
```
Case Sensitivity in LIKE Statements in MySQL:
- The LIKE statement can be case-sensitive or case-insensitive based on the collation.
- Example:
```
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE column1 LIKE 'pattern' COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
```
Case Sensitivity and ORDER BY in MySQL SQL Queries:
- Sorting behavior in the ORDER BY clause may be case-sensitive or case-insensitive.
- Example:
```
SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY column1 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
```