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A hot backup, also known as an online backup or live backup, is performed while the database is running and allows for continuous operation without downtime. This tutorial will guide you through the process of performing a hot backup and recovery for a MySQL database using Percona XtraBackup, a popular open-source tool for hot backups of MySQL databases.
Requirements:
Hot Backup
Step 1: Create a backup directory Create a new directory where the backup will be stored:
sudo mkdir /backup/location
Replace /backup/location with your desired backup path.
Step 2: Perform the hot backup Run the following command to perform a hot backup of your MySQL database:
sudo xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/location --user=[username] --password=[password]
Replace /backup/location with your backup path, and [username] and [password] with your MySQL credentials.
The backup process will generate a series of files in the target directory, including data files, log files, and metadata.
Hot Recovery
Step 1: Prepare the backup Before restoring the hot backup, you need to prepare it. This process applies the transaction logs to the backup to ensure consistency. Run the following command:
sudo xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/backup/location
Replace /backup/location with your backup path.
Step 2: Stop the MySQL server Stop the MySQL server to ensure that no new transactions are executed during the recovery process:
On Linux:
sudo systemctl stop mysqld
On Windows, open the Services app, locate the MySQL service, right-click on it, and choose "Stop".
Step 3: Move the existing data directory To avoid losing the current data directory, rename or move it:
On Linux:
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_old
On Windows (run this in the Command Prompt as administrator):
move "C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\data" "C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\data_old"
Replace the paths with the correct data directory paths.
Step 4: Restore the backup Copy the prepared backup files to the original data directory location:
On Linux:
sudo xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/location --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
On Windows (run this in the Command Prompt as administrator):
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir="C:\backup\location" --datadir="C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\data"
Replace /backup/location and the data directory paths with the correct paths.
Step 5: Fix permissions (Linux only) On Linux, you may need to fix the ownership of the restored data directory:
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
Replace the path with the correct data directory path.
Step 6: Restart the MySQL server Start the MySQL server:
On Linux:
sudo systemctl start mysqld
On Windows, open the Services app, locate the MySQL service, right-click on it, and choose "Start".
Your MySQL database is now restored from the hot backup, and the server should be running with the recovered data.
Note: This tutorial assumes you have full access to the server and are using the default settings. Adjust the commands and paths according to your specific MySQL configuration and permissions if needed.
MySQL hot backup using Percona XtraBackup:
innobackupex --user=username --password=password /backup/location
Automating hot backups in MySQL:
0 2 * * * innobackupex --user=username --password=password /backup/location
Incremental hot backup in MySQL:
innobackupex --user=username --password=password --incremental /backup/location
Hot backup compression options in MySQL:
innobackupex --user=username --password=password --compress /backup/location