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When designing indexes in MySQL, it is important to follow some basic principles to ensure that the indexes are effective and efficient. Here are some MySQL index design principles to keep in mind:
Identify the queries that will use the index: Before creating an index, you should identify the queries that will use the indexed column(s) and the search criteria used in those queries. This will help you determine which columns to index and how to define the index to optimize the performance of the queries.
Index the columns used in WHERE, JOIN, and ORDER BY clauses: The columns used in WHERE, JOIN, and ORDER BY clauses are good candidates for indexing, as they are used to filter, join, and sort the data. By indexing these columns, you can significantly improve the performance of the queries that use them.
Use composite indexes for multiple columns: If a query uses multiple columns in the WHERE clause, you can create a composite index that includes all the columns used in the query. This can improve the performance of the query, as MySQL can use the index to filter the rows that match the search criteria.
Consider the cardinality of the column: The cardinality of a column refers to the number of unique values in the column. Columns with high cardinality, such as primary keys or unique columns, are good candidates for indexing, as they provide a high selectivity and allow MySQL to quickly locate the rows that match the search criteria.
Avoid over-indexing: Creating too many indexes on a table can degrade the performance of insert, update, and delete operations, as MySQL needs to update the index for each row that is affected. Therefore, you should carefully consider the columns to be indexed and the queries that will use the index to balance the benefits and costs of creating the index.
By following these MySQL index design principles, you can create indexes that are effective and efficient, and improve the performance of your queries.