Python Tutorial

• Python Tutorial
• Difference Between Python 3 And Python 2
• Install Python On Windows
• Install Python On Linux
• Install Python On Mac OS
• PyCharm Download And Installation
• Sublime Text Download And Installation
• The First Python Program
• Python Comments
• Python Identifier Naming Convention

Python Variable

• Variables definition and use
• Naming rules for Python variable
• Python int
• Python float
• Python complex
• Python floating point precision errors
• Python string
• Python strings encoding format
• Python bytes
• Python bool
• Python cache mechanism
• Python data type conversion

Python Operators

• Python arithmetic operators
• Python assignment operators
• Python bitwise operators
• Python comparison Operators
• Python logical operators
• Python ternary operator
• Operator precedence and associativity

Python Sequence

• Python sequence
• Python list
• Python list comprehension
• Python list - initialize a list of numbers
• Python list - add elements
• Python list - remove elements
• Python list - modify elements
• Python list - find elements
• Python list - implements stack and queue
• Python tuple
• Python tuple comprehension
• Python tuple VS list
• Python dict
• Python dict comprehension
• Python dict - add/modify/remove elements
• Python dict - format strings
• Python dict Built-in methods
• Python set
• Python set comprehension
• Python set - add/delete/intersection/union/difference
• Python set Built-in methods
• Python frozenset
• Python Shallow copy and deep copy

Python String

• Python string format
• Python string escape
• Python string concatenate
• Python string truncate
• Python string case convert
• Python string remove spaces (\t, \r, or \n)
• Python input(): get user input as string
• Python print(): print value on screen or to file
• Python len(): get string length or number of bytes
• Python split(): splitting strings
• Python join(): merge strings
• Python count(): count the occurrences of a string
• Python find(): detect whether a string contains a substring
• Python index(): check whether a string contains a substring
• Python ljust(), rjust() and center(): align text
• Python startswith() and endswith()
• Python format(): formatted output
• Python encode() and decode(): string encoding conversion
• Python dir() and help()

Python Flow Control

• Python if else statement
• Python if else: the indentation requirements
• Python if statement nesting
• Python pass statement
• Python assert statement
• Python assert: use correctly
• Python while loop statement
• Python for loop statement
• Python else statement in loop
• Python (for and while) nested loops
• Python nested loop for Bubble sort
• Python break statement
• Python continue statement
• Avoid an infinite loop in Python

Python Functions

• Python functions
• Python pass-by-value and pass-by-reference
• Python positional arguments
• Python keyword arguments
• Python default arguments
• Python Variable-length arguments (*args, **kwargs)
• Unpacking Arguments in Python
• Python None value
• ython returns value
• Python returns multiple values
• Python partial function
• Python recursive function
• Python variable scope
• Use global variable with same name as local variable
• Python local functions
• Advanced Usage of Python Functions
• Python closures
• Python lambda expressions
• Python eval() and exec()
• Notes on how to use exec() and eval()
• Python functional programming
• Function annotations
• Improve code readability and appearance in Python

Python Class and Object

• Python object orientation
• Python class Definition
• Python class constructor __init__()
• Python object creation
• Python self
• Python class attributes and instance attributes
• Python instance methods, static methods and class methods
• Python class calling instance method
• Python class namespace
• Python descriptor
• Python property(): define properties
• Python @property decorator
• Python Encapsulation
• Python Encapsulation Principle
• Python inheritance
• Python Method Resolution Order (MRO)
• Override method from parent class in Python
• How to use the Python inheritance
• Python super(): call the constructor of the parent class
• Notes on using Python super()
• Python __slots__: restrict class instance to dynamically add attributes and methods
• Python type(): dynamically create classes
• Python MetaClass
• Python polymorphism
• Python Enum creation and use

Python Class Members (properties and methods)

• Python __new__() method
• Python __repr__() method: display attributes
• Python __del__() method: destroying objects
• Python __dir__() method: List all attribute (method) names of an object
• Python __dict__ attribute: view the dictionary of all attribute names and values inside the object
• Python setattr(), getattr(), hasattr() functions
• Python issubclass and isinstance functions: checking types
• Python __call__() method
• Python operator overloading
• Python overloads operators to implement custom sequences
• Python iterator
• Python iterator implements reverse order output of strings
• Python generator
• Python generator: send, close, throw methods
• Python @function decorator
• How and Where to use Python Decorators

Python Exception Handling

• Python exception types
• Why use Python exception handling?
• Python try-except exception handling
• The underlying implementation of Python exception handling
• Python try-except-else
• Python try-except-finally: resource recycling
• Python raise
• Python sys.exc_info(): get exception information
• Python traceback module: get exception information
• How to create and use custom exception in Python
• Proper use of Python exception handling
• Python logging module: debug code
• Python assert debugger

Python Modules

• What is a module, Python modular programming
• Python import module
• Python custom module
• Python __import__() function: import module name
• __name__=='__main__' in Python
• Resolve ModuleNotFoundError while importing Python module
• The nature of Python modules importing
• Python __all__ variable
• Python package: folders that hold multiple modules
• Creating packages and Importing packages in Python
• Python __init__.py
• Python view module (variable, function, class)
• Python __doc__ attribute: view documentation
• Python __file__ attribute: view the source file path of a module
• Download and Install Python third-party library using pip command

Python File Operations (I/O)

• Python file path
• Python absolute and relative paths
• Python basic file operations
• Python open(): open the specified file
• Python open a file in text/binary format
• Python read(): read a file by bytes (characters)
• Python readline() and readlines(): read files line by line
• Python write() and writelines(): writing data to a file
• Python close(): close the file
• Python seek() and tell()
• Python with as
• Python context manager using with as
• Python pickle module: implement persistent storage of Python objects
• Python fileinput module: read multiple files line by line
• Python linecache module: randomly read the specified line of the file
• Python pathlib module
• Python os.path module
• Python fnmatch module: for filename matching
• Python os module
• Python tempfile module: generate temporary files/directories

PyCharm Download And Installation Tutorial

PyCharm is an IDE development tool developed by JetBrains for developing Python. The picture below shows a variety of development tools developed by JetBrains, many of which have received rave reviews. These tools can write Python, C/C++, C#, DSL, Go, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Objective-C, PHP, etc. Programming language.

PyCharm download and installation

Go to the official download page of PyCharm, you can see that there are 2 versions of PyCharm, Professional and Community. Among them, the professional version is charged and can be tried for free for 30 days; while the community version is completely free.


The community edition is highly recommended for beginners, and more importantly, this edition will not have any impact on learning Python.

Click the "Download" button and wait for the download to complete. After the download is complete, the reader will get a PyCharm installation package (the pycharm-community-2019.2.2 version is downloaded in this section). Double-click to open the downloaded installation package and start the installation.


Select "Next" directly, you can see the dialog box shown in the figure below, here is to set the installation path of PyCharm, it is recommended not to install in the system disk (usually C disk is the system disk), here choose to install to E disk.


Continue to click "Next", you need to make some settings here, you can choose the required functions according to the following figure, if there is no special requirement, just click on the figure;


continue to click "Next" to reach the following figure. dialog box, select the default here, click "Install", and wait for the installation progress bar to reach 100%, and the PyCharm installation is complete.


It should be noted that when PyCharm is started for the first time, the process of configuring PyCharm will be automatically performed (select the explicit style of the PyCharm interface, etc.), and readers can configure it according to their own preferences. Since the configuration process is very simple, no specific illustration is given here. The reader can also exit directly, which means that all the default configurations are selected.

PyCharm configures the Python interpreter

After installing PyCharm first, open it and it will display the interface as shown below:


In this interface, you can manually set the Python interpreter for PyCharm. Click the Configure option, select "Settings", and enter the interface shown in the figure below.


As you can see, "No interpreter" means that the Python interpreter is not set. In this case, you can click the Settings button, select "add", and the window shown below will pop up.


Select "System Interpreter", find the Python directory you installed on the right, and find python.exe, then select "OK". At this point, the explicit interface will automatically jump and display the available interpreters, click "OK" again.


This successfully sets up the Python interpreter for PyCharm.