Python Tutorial

• Python Tutorial
• Difference Between Python 3 And Python 2
• Install Python On Windows
• Install Python On Linux
• Install Python On Mac OS
• PyCharm Download And Installation
• Sublime Text Download And Installation
• The First Python Program
• Python Comments
• Python Identifier Naming Convention

Python Variable

• Variables definition and use
• Naming rules for Python variable
• Python int
• Python float
• Python complex
• Python floating point precision errors
• Python string
• Python strings encoding format
• Python bytes
• Python bool
• Python cache mechanism
• Python data type conversion

Python Operators

• Python arithmetic operators
• Python assignment operators
• Python bitwise operators
• Python comparison Operators
• Python logical operators
• Python ternary operator
• Operator precedence and associativity

Python Sequence

• Python sequence
• Python list
• Python list comprehension
• Python list - initialize a list of numbers
• Python list - add elements
• Python list - remove elements
• Python list - modify elements
• Python list - find elements
• Python list - implements stack and queue
• Python tuple
• Python tuple comprehension
• Python tuple VS list
• Python dict
• Python dict comprehension
• Python dict - add/modify/remove elements
• Python dict - format strings
• Python dict Built-in methods
• Python set
• Python set comprehension
• Python set - add/delete/intersection/union/difference
• Python set Built-in methods
• Python frozenset
• Python Shallow copy and deep copy

Python String

• Python string format
• Python string escape
• Python string concatenate
• Python string truncate
• Python string case convert
• Python string remove spaces (\t, \r, or \n)
• Python input(): get user input as string
• Python print(): print value on screen or to file
• Python len(): get string length or number of bytes
• Python split(): splitting strings
• Python join(): merge strings
• Python count(): count the occurrences of a string
• Python find(): detect whether a string contains a substring
• Python index(): check whether a string contains a substring
• Python ljust(), rjust() and center(): align text
• Python startswith() and endswith()
• Python format(): formatted output
• Python encode() and decode(): string encoding conversion
• Python dir() and help()

Python Flow Control

• Python if else statement
• Python if else: the indentation requirements
• Python if statement nesting
• Python pass statement
• Python assert statement
• Python assert: use correctly
• Python while loop statement
• Python for loop statement
• Python else statement in loop
• Python (for and while) nested loops
• Python nested loop for Bubble sort
• Python break statement
• Python continue statement
• Avoid an infinite loop in Python

Python Functions

• Python functions
• Python pass-by-value and pass-by-reference
• Python positional arguments
• Python keyword arguments
• Python default arguments
• Python Variable-length arguments (*args, **kwargs)
• Unpacking Arguments in Python
• Python None value
• ython returns value
• Python returns multiple values
• Python partial function
• Python recursive function
• Python variable scope
• Use global variable with same name as local variable
• Python local functions
• Advanced Usage of Python Functions
• Python closures
• Python lambda expressions
• Python eval() and exec()
• Notes on how to use exec() and eval()
• Python functional programming
• Function annotations
• Improve code readability and appearance in Python

Python Class and Object

• Python object orientation
• Python class Definition
• Python class constructor __init__()
• Python object creation
• Python self
• Python class attributes and instance attributes
• Python instance methods, static methods and class methods
• Python class calling instance method
• Python class namespace
• Python descriptor
• Python property(): define properties
• Python @property decorator
• Python Encapsulation
• Python Encapsulation Principle
• Python inheritance
• Python Method Resolution Order (MRO)
• Override method from parent class in Python
• How to use the Python inheritance
• Python super(): call the constructor of the parent class
• Notes on using Python super()
• Python __slots__: restrict class instance to dynamically add attributes and methods
• Python type(): dynamically create classes
• Python MetaClass
• Python polymorphism
• Python Enum creation and use

Python Class Members (properties and methods)

• Python __new__() method
• Python __repr__() method: display attributes
• Python __del__() method: destroying objects
• Python __dir__() method: List all attribute (method) names of an object
• Python __dict__ attribute: view the dictionary of all attribute names and values inside the object
• Python setattr(), getattr(), hasattr() functions
• Python issubclass and isinstance functions: checking types
• Python __call__() method
• Python operator overloading
• Python overloads operators to implement custom sequences
• Python iterator
• Python iterator implements reverse order output of strings
• Python generator
• Python generator: send, close, throw methods
• Python @function decorator
• How and Where to use Python Decorators

Python Exception Handling

• Python exception types
• Why use Python exception handling?
• Python try-except exception handling
• The underlying implementation of Python exception handling
• Python try-except-else
• Python try-except-finally: resource recycling
• Python raise
• Python sys.exc_info(): get exception information
• Python traceback module: get exception information
• How to create and use custom exception in Python
• Proper use of Python exception handling
• Python logging module: debug code
• Python assert debugger

Python Modules

• What is a module, Python modular programming
• Python import module
• Python custom module
• Python __import__() function: import module name
• __name__=='__main__' in Python
• Resolve ModuleNotFoundError while importing Python module
• The nature of Python modules importing
• Python __all__ variable
• Python package: folders that hold multiple modules
• Creating packages and Importing packages in Python
• Python __init__.py
• Python view module (variable, function, class)
• Python __doc__ attribute: view documentation
• Python __file__ attribute: view the source file path of a module
• Download and Install Python third-party library using pip command

Python File Operations (I/O)

• Python file path
• Python absolute and relative paths
• Python basic file operations
• Python open(): open the specified file
• Python open a file in text/binary format
• Python read(): read a file by bytes (characters)
• Python readline() and readlines(): read files line by line
• Python write() and writelines(): writing data to a file
• Python close(): close the file
• Python seek() and tell()
• Python with as
• Python context manager using with as
• Python pickle module: implement persistent storage of Python objects
• Python fileinput module: read multiple files line by line
• Python linecache module: randomly read the specified line of the file
• Python pathlib module
• Python os.path module
• Python fnmatch module: for filename matching
• Python os module
• Python tempfile module: generate temporary files/directories

Download and Install Python third-party library using pip command

pip is the package installer for Python and is used to install and manage third-party libraries. In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the pip command to download and install Python third-party libraries.

• Ensure pip is installed:

Before you can use pip, you need to ensure that it is installed. Most Python installations come with pip by default. You can check if pip is installed and see its version by running the following command in your terminal or command prompt:

pip --version

If pip is not installed or you need to upgrade it, follow the instructions on the official pip documentation.

• Install a third-party library:

To install a third-party library using pip, you can use the install command followed by the name of the library you want to install. For example, if you want to install the requests library, run the following command:

pip install requests

This command downloads and installs the latest version of the requests library and its dependencies.

• Install a specific version of a library:

If you need a specific version of a library, you can use the == operator followed by the desired version number. For example, to install version 2.25.1 of the requests library, run the following command:

pip install requests==2.25.1

• Upgrade an installed library:

To upgrade an already installed library to the latest version, you can use the --upgrade or -U option. For example, to upgrade the requests library, run the following command:

pip install --upgrade requests

• Uninstall a library:

To uninstall a library, you can use the uninstall command followed by the name of the library. For example, to uninstall the requests library, run the following command:

pip uninstall requests

You will be prompted to confirm the uninstallation. Type y and press Enter to proceed.

• List installed libraries:

To list all installed libraries and their versions, you can use the list command:

pip list

In summary, the pip command is used to download and install Python third-party libraries. You can use pip to install, upgrade, uninstall, and list libraries and their versions. Before using pip, make sure it is installed and up-to-date by checking its version with pip --version.