Python Tutorial

• Python Add PYTHONPATH
• Python Code Blocks and Indentation
• Python Comment
• Python Variable
• Python Data Type
• Python Type Conversion and Casting
• Python Input and Output
• Python Operator
• Python Iterator
• Python Generator

Python Flow Control

• Python if else
• Python for Loops
• Python while Loops
• Python break Statement
• Python continue Statement
• Python pass Statement
• Python switch Statement

Python Functions

• Python Function
• Python Recursion
• Python Anonymous/Lambda Function
• Python Modules
• Python Package

Python Data Types

• Python Number
• Python String
• Python List
• Python Tuple
• Python Set
• Python Dictionary

Python Date and Time

• Python datetime
• strftime(): from datetime to readable string
• strptime(): read string to datetime
• Get current date and time
• Make a time delay
• Convert between local time and UTC time
• Get whole program execution time
• Iterate through a range of dates
• Get the last day of month
• Add/subtract a day
• Convert seconds to HH:MM:SS

Python Files

• Python Open and Close File
• Python Read File
• Python Write File
• Python Move File
• Python Remove File and Directory
• Read Write CSV file
• Read Write JSON file
• Zip File and Directory
• List all files of a directory
• List all sub-directories of directory
• Check a file or directory exists
• Create a directory safely
• Get current directory and file path
• Read big file
• Web page and file download over HTTP
• Search and replace a line to file
• Get file modification time
• Read specific lines from a file by line number
• Check file size
• Get filename and extension

Python String

• String updating, replacing and deleting
• Formatting of Strings
• String format converting
• Convert ASCII string
• String Escape Sequencing
• String lower and upper case
• Find substring in a string
• Count all occurrences of a substring
• Compare two strings
• Split a string into a list
• Split strings into words with multiple delimiters
• Extract numbers from a string
• Conbine items in a list to a single string
• Put a int variable inseide a string
• Compare string in case insensitive
• Check if multiple strings exist in another string
• Check if string exists in a list of strings
• Generate random string
• Remove trailing whitespace in strings

Python List

• List items Adding
• List items Accessing
• List items removing
• List items modifying
• List items iterating
• List items sorting
• List Comprehension
• Convert string representation of list to a list
• Clone a list
• Rotate a list
• Remove duplicates from list
• Define a two-dimensional array
• Sort a list of lists by value
• Sort list based on values from another list
• Sort a list of objects by an attribute of the objects
• Split a list into evenly sized chunks
• Creare a flat list out of a nested list
• Get all possible combinations of a list's elements
• Get the Cartesian product of a series of lists
• Find the index of an element in a list
• Concatenate two list
• Count the occurrences of a list item
• Transpose list of lists
• Find the difference between two lists
• Select items from list randomly
• Iterate a list as (current, next) pair
• Shuffle a list
• Find the cumulative sum of numbers in a list
• Get unique values from a list
• Generate all permutations of a list
• Find the intersection between two lists
• Find the duplicates in a list
• Check item in list
• Convert a list to a string
• Find the average of a list
• Alternate combine two lists
• Extract specific element from each sublist

Python Dictionary

• Add and Modify Dictionary elements
• Delete elements from Dictionary
• Sort dictionary by key
• Sort dictionary by value
• Combine and merge dictionaries
• Convert a String representation of a Dictionary to a dictionary
• Get key by value in dictionary
• Copy a dictionary and edit the copy only
• Create dictionary with dict comprehension and iterables
• Get key with maximum value in dictionary
• Make dictionary from list
• Filter dictionary to contain specific keys

Python Variable

• Python Global Variables and Global Keyword
• Python Local and Nonlocal Variables
• Python Static Class variables
• Create variable variables
• Create variables dynamically in while loop
• Test Single Variable in Multiple Values
• Swap two variables
• Set a Python variable to 'undefined'
• Set and access environment variables

Python Input/Output

• Formatting Output
• Interactive Input/Output
• Indefinitely Request User Input Until a Valid Response
• Read user input as number
• Pretty print JSON
• Print number

Python Exceptions

• Python Exception and Error
• Python AssertionError
• Python AttributeError
• Python EOFError
• Python FloatingPointError
• Python GeneratorExit
• Python ImportError and ModuleNotFoundError
• Python IndexError
• Python KeyError
• Python MemoryError
• Python NameError
• Python OverflowError
• Python TypeError

Python Advanced

• Access the index in for loops
• Change index of a for loop
• ** operator in a function call
• * operator in a function call
• Sort a list of tuples by value
• Transpose list of tuples
• Calculate Euclidean distance btween two points
• Resize an image and keep its aspect ratio
• Check number
• Generate random integers

Python MemoryError

In this Python MemoryError tutorial, we'll discuss what a MemoryError is, what causes it, and some potential ways to address it.

1. What is MemoryError?
2. Common causes of MemoryError
3. Ways to address MemoryError

1. What is MemoryError?

MemoryError is a built-in exception in Python, raised when an operation runs out of memory. This typically occurs when the system has no more memory available to allocate to your Python program, either due to insufficient memory resources or because your program is consuming too much memory.

2. Common causes of MemoryError

MemoryError can be caused by various factors, including:

• Insufficient physical memory or virtual memory on the system
• Inefficient or memory-consuming data structures and algorithms
• Loading large data sets into memory without proper optimization
• Memory leaks due to improper handling of resources (e.g., not closing files or freeing memory)

3. Ways to address MemoryError

To address a MemoryError, you can try one or more of the following approaches:

1. Increase available memory: If your system has insufficient memory, consider upgrading your hardware or increasing your virtual memory size.

2. Optimize data structures and algorithms: Review your code and identify areas where you can optimize data structures or algorithms to use less memory. For example, use generators instead of lists for large data sets or switch to more efficient data structures like sets or dictionaries.

3. Load data incrementally: Instead of loading large data sets into memory all at once, load data incrementally using generators, file streaming, or other techniques that allow you to process the data piece by piece.

4. Use memory-efficient libraries: Some libraries are specifically designed for handling large data sets in a memory-efficient manner. For example, you can use NumPy for numerical operations or Pandas for data manipulation and analysis.

5. Profile memory usage: Use memory profiling tools like memory_profiler or objgraph to identify memory leaks or areas of high memory consumption in your code. Fixing these issues can help prevent MemoryError.

6. Close resources: Ensure that you close resources like file handles or network connections after use, as leaving them open can lead to memory leaks.

7. Use garbage collection: In some cases, you can use the gc module to manually trigger garbage collection and help free up memory.

In this tutorial, you learned about Python's MemoryError, its common causes, and ways to address it. By optimizing your code, managing memory resources more effectively, and using memory-efficient libraries, you can mitigate the risk of MemoryError and create more efficient Python programs.