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Install and Config phpMyAdmin in Linux

phpMyAdmin is a popular web-based tool for managing MySQL and MariaDB databases. This tutorial will guide you through the process of installing and configuring phpMyAdmin on a Linux system using package managers like apt (for Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions) and yum or dnf (for CentOS/RHEL-based distributions).

Install LAMP/LEMP Stack

Before installing phpMyAdmin, you need to have a web server, PHP, and MySQL/MariaDB installed. This is often referred to as a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) or LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) stack. If you don't have this set up yet, follow a tutorial for installing LAMP or LEMP stack on your Linux distribution.

Install phpMyAdmin

Once you have the LAMP or LEMP stack installed, you can proceed with installing phpMyAdmin:

For Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions, use:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install phpmyadmin

For CentOS/RHEL-based distributions, you need to enable the EPEL repository first:

sudo yum install epel-release

sudo dnf install epel-release

Then, install phpMyAdmin:

sudo yum install phpmyadmin

sudo dnf install phpmyadmin

Configure Web Server for phpMyAdmin

For Apache (LAMP stack):

Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions automatically configure Apache for phpMyAdmin. For CentOS/RHEL-based distributions, add the following configuration to your Apache configuration file (usually located at /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf or /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf):

Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin

<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    DirectoryIndex index.php

    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
        # Apache 2.4
        <RequireAny>
            Require ip 127.0.0.1
            Require ip ::1
        </RequireAny>
    </IfModule>

    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
        # Apache 2.2
        Order Deny,Allow
        Deny from All
        Allow from 127.0.0.1
        Allow from ::1
    </IfModule>
</Directory>

After adding the configuration, restart the Apache service:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

(Debian/Ubuntu) or

sudo systemctl restart httpd

(CentOS/RHEL)

For Nginx (LEMP stack):

Create a new Nginx configuration file for phpMyAdmin (e.g., /etc/nginx/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf), and add the following configuration:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name phpmyadmin.example.com;
    root /usr/share/phpmyadmin;

    location / {
        index index.php;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; # Modify the PHP version as per your installed version
    }
}

Replace phpmyadmin.example.com with your desired domain or subdomain, and update the fastcgi_pass directive with the correct PHP-FPM socket path for your installed PHP version.

Then, restart the Nginx service:

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Installing phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu/Linux: On Ubuntu, you can install phpMyAdmin using the following commands:
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
```
During installation, you will be prompted to choose a web server (e.g., Apache or Nginx) and configure phpMyAdmin.
Step-by-step phpMyAdmin installation on CentOS: For CentOS, you can install phpMyAdmin using yum:
```
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install phpmyadmin
```
Follow the prompts during installation to configure phpMyAdmin.
phpMyAdmin installation and configuration in Debian: Debian uses apt for package management. Install phpMyAdmin with:
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
```
Configure phpMyAdmin during the installation process.
Installing and securing phpMyAdmin on Red Hat Linux: On Red Hat-based systems, you can use yum for installation:
```
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install phpmyadmin
```
Follow the prompts during installation to configure phpMyAdmin.
Additionally, secure the phpMyAdmin installation by creating a symbolic link for the phpMyAdmin configuration file:
```
sudo ln -s /etc/phpMyAdmin/apache.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
sudo service httpd restart
```
Configuring phpMyAdmin for MySQL/MariaDB in Linux: After installation, configure phpMyAdmin to work with your MySQL or MariaDB server. Edit the configuration file to include the database server details:
```
sudo nano /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
```
Update the $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] and other relevant settings.
Additionally, consider securing phpMyAdmin by restricting access:
```
sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
```
Add or update the <Directory> block to include specific IP addresses or enable authentication.
Finally, restart your web server to apply the changes:
```
sudo service apache2 restart   # For Apache
sudo service nginx restart    # For Nginx
```