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A desktop environment (DE) in Linux is a collection of software and tools that provide a graphical user interface (GUI) for interacting with the underlying operating system. There are numerous desktop environments available for Linux, each offering a unique look and feel, as well as various features and customization options. In this tutorial, we will introduce some of the most popular Linux desktop environments and discuss their features, installation, and basic configuration.
GNOME:
GNOME is the default desktop environment for many popular Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu and Fedora. It is known for its clean and modern design, as well as its focus on usability and accessibility.
Installation: To install GNOME on Ubuntu, open a terminal and run:
sudo apt install gnome-session gdm
For Fedora, run:
sudo dnf groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
Configuration: To configure GNOME, open the "Settings" app, which provides options to customize the appearance, manage displays, configure keyboard shortcuts, and more.
KDE Plasma:
KDE Plasma is a highly customizable desktop environment known for its modern design and extensive features. It is the default DE for Kubuntu, openSUSE, and other distributions.
Installation: To install KDE Plasma on Ubuntu, open a terminal and run:
sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop
For Fedora, run:
sudo dnf groupinstall "KDE Plasma Workspaces"
Configuration: KDE Plasma offers a wide range of customization options through the "System Settings" app, where you can change the appearance, manage widgets, configure keyboard shortcuts, and more.
Xfce:
Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment known for its simplicity and low resource usage, making it a great choice for older or less powerful computers.
Installation: To install Xfce on Ubuntu, open a terminal and run:
sudo apt install xfce4
For Fedora, run:
sudo dnf groupinstall "Xfce Desktop"
Configuration: Xfce can be configured through the "Settings Manager" app, which provides options for customizing the appearance, managing panels, configuring keyboard shortcuts, and more.
MATE:
MATE is a fork of the classic GNOME 2 desktop environment, providing a traditional interface and a familiar user experience for those who prefer a more classic look and feel.
Installation: To install MATE on Ubuntu, open a terminal and run:
sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop
For Fedora, run:
sudo dnf groupinstall "MATE Desktop"
Configuration: MATE can be configured through the "Control Center" app, which offers options for customizing the appearance, managing panels, configuring keyboard shortcuts, and more.
Switching between desktop environments:
After installing a new desktop environment, you can switch between them by logging out and selecting the desired DE from the login screen.
By following this tutorial, you should have a good understanding of some popular Linux desktop environments and how to install and configure them. Each DE offers a unique user experience, so you may want to try out a few different options to find the one that best suits your needs and preferences.