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Linux nice And renice Commands: Changing Process Priority

In Linux, the nice and renice commands are used to manage the priority of processes. The priority of a process affects how much CPU time it is allocated by the operating system. In this tutorial, we will discuss how to use the nice and renice commands to control process priority on Linux.

nice Command

The nice command is used to start a new process with a specified priority (niceness). The niceness value ranges from -20 (highest priority) to 19 (lowest priority). By default, processes are started with a niceness of 0.

The basic syntax of the nice command is:

nice [-n niceness] command [arguments]

Replace niceness with the desired priority, command with the name of the process to be started, and arguments with any required command-line arguments for the process.

Start a process with a specific priority:
To start a process with a specific priority, use the -n option followed by the desired niceness value. For example, to start a command called my_command with a priority of 10, use the following command:
```
nice -n 10 my_command
```
Note that only users with administrative privileges can decrease a process's niceness (i.e., increase its priority).

renice Command

The renice command is used to change the priority of a running process. The syntax for the renice command is:

renice [-n] new_niceness [-g|-u|-p] identifier

Replace new_niceness with the desired priority, and identifier with the process ID (PID), process group ID (PGID), or user ID (UID) of the process whose priority you want to change. Use -g, -u, or -p to specify whether the identifier is a PGID, UID, or PID, respectively.

Change the priority of a running process:
To change the priority of a running process, use the renice command followed by the new niceness value and the process ID. For example, to set the priority of a process with the PID 12345 to 5, use the following command:
```
renice -n 5 -p 12345
```
You should see output similar to this:
```
12345 (process ID) old priority 0, new priority 5
```
Change the priority of all processes for a user:
To change the priority of all processes for a specific user, use the -u option followed by the user's UID or username. For example, to set the priority of all processes for the user "john" to 10, use the following command:
```
renice -n 10 -u john
```
Change the priority of all processes in a process group:
To change the priority of all processes in a specific process group, use the -g option followed by the process group ID. For example, to set the priority of all processes in the process group with the ID 54321 to 15, use the following command:
```
renice -n 15 -g 54321
```

Conclusion

The nice and renice commands are powerful tools for managing process priority on Linux systems. They allow you to control how much CPU time is allocated to processes, which can be useful when running resource-intensive tasks or managing system performance.

How to use nice and renice for process priority in Linux: nice and renice commands are used to control the priority of processes in Linux. To launch a process with adjusted priority:
```
nice -n 10 ./my_process
```
Changing process priority with nice and renice in Unix-like systems: Adjust the priority of a running process using renice. For example:
```
renice -n 5 -p 1234
```
Adjusting process priority in Linux using nice and renice: The nice command sets a process's priority when it starts, while renice adjusts the priority of an already running process. For instance:
```
nice -n 10 ./my_process
renice -n 5 -p 1234
```
Setting priority levels for processes with nice and renice: Prioritize a process with nice and renice. Specify the priority level, where lower values indicate higher priority:
```
nice -n 10 ./my_process
renice -n 5 -p 1234
```
Advanced options for nice and renice commands in Linux: Explore advanced options with nice and renice. For example, use renice with user-specific processes:
```
renice -n 5 -u myuser
```
Linux nice vs renice: differences and use cases: nice is used when starting a new process, while renice is used to adjust the priority of an existing process. Example:
```
nice -n 10 ./my_process  # Start with nice
renice -n 5 -p 1234      # Adjust priority with renice
```
Managing CPU scheduling with nice and renice in the terminal: Use nice and renice to manage CPU scheduling. Set the priority when starting a process or adjust it later with renice:
```
nice -n 10 ./my_process  # Set priority
renice -n 5 -p 1234      # Adjust priority
```