Linux Tutorial

Linux File/Directory Management

Linux Packaging And Compression

Vim Text Editor

Linux Text Processing

Linux Software Installation

Linux User/User Group Management

Linux Permission Management

Linux Filesystem Management

Linux Advanced Filesystem Management

Linux System Management

Linux Backup and Recovery

Linux System Service Management

Linux System Log Management

Linux Boot Management

LAMP/LNMP Environment

SELinux Management

Linux Independent Service Management

Independent Service Management (ISM) is a method of managing services on a Linux system using different init systems, service managers, and service control utilities. Although systemd is the most common service management system on modern Linux distributions, there are alternatives like SysVinit, Upstart, and OpenRC. In this tutorial, we'll cover the basics of managing services using these different systems.

Systemd:

systemd is the default init system and service manager for many Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and CentOS.

Start a service:
```
sudo systemctl start service_name
```
Stop a service:
```
sudo systemctl stop service_name
```
Restart a service:
```
sudo systemctl restart service_name
```
Enable a service to start at boot:
```
sudo systemctl enable service_name
```
Disable a service from starting at boot:
```
sudo systemctl disable service_name
```
Check the status of a service:
```
systemctl status service_name
```

SysVinit:

SysVinit is an older init system used in some Linux distributions like RHEL 6 and earlier versions. It uses /etc/init.d/ scripts to manage services.

Start a service:
```
sudo service service_name start
```
Stop a service:
```
sudo service service_name stop
```
Restart a service:
```
sudo service service_name restart
```
Enable a service to start at boot:
```
sudo chkconfig service_name on
```
Disable a service from starting at boot:
```
sudo chkconfig service_name off
```
Check the status of a service:
```
sudo service service_name status
```

Upstart:

Upstart is an event-based init system that was used in some older Ubuntu releases. It is now largely replaced by systemd.

Start a service:
```
sudo start service_name
```
Stop a service:
```
sudo stop service_name
```
Restart a service:
```
sudo restart service_name
```
Check the status of a service:
```
sudo status service_name
```

OpenRC:

OpenRC is an init system and service manager used in some Linux distributions like Gentoo and Alpine Linux.

Start a service:
```
sudo rc-service service_name start
```
Stop a service:
```
sudo rc-service service_name stop
```
Restart a service:
```
sudo rc-service service_name restart
```

Enable a service to start at boot:

sudo rc-update add service_name default

Disable a service from starting at boot:

sudo rc-update del service_name default

Check the status of a service:
```
sudo rc-service service_name status
```

In summary, managing services on Linux can be done using different init systems and service managers like systemd, SysVinit, Upstart, and OpenRC. Understanding the basics of each system helps you manage services effectively on various Linux distributions and environments.

Managing services without a service manager in Linux:
Without a dedicated service manager, services can be started, stopped, and controlled using individual commands and scripts. For example, using the service or systemctl commands to start and stop services.
Example code:
```
service serviceName start
```
Manual service control without systemd in Linux:
Manually controlling services without systemd involves using commands like start, stop, and restart for service management.
Example code:
```
/etc/init.d/serviceName start
```
Running services independently on Linux:
Independent service management allows you to run services without relying on a centralized management system. This can be achieved through simple scripts or commands that start and stop individual services.
Example code:
```
./start_service.sh
```
Service management using sysvinit in Linux:
sysvinit is an alternative init system that uses traditional init scripts. You can use commands like service or directly call init scripts to manage services.
Example code:
```
service serviceName start
```
Init scripts for independent service control in Linux:
Init scripts, often found in /etc/init.d/, are shell scripts that control the startup and shutdown of services. You can create or customize these scripts for independent service control.
Example code (init script):
```
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
  start)
    /path/to/start_service.sh
    ;;
  stop)
    /path/to/stop_service.sh
    ;;
  restart)
    /path/to/restart_service.sh
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
    exit 1
esac
```
Customizing startup services without a manager in Linux:
Customizing startup services involves modifying system configuration files or creating custom scripts to define which services should start at boot time.
Example code (adding a custom service to startup):
```
echo "/path/to/custom_service.sh" >> /etc/rc.local
```