Golang Tutorial

• Introduction to Golang
• Installing Golang on Windows
• Installing Golang on MacOS
• Hello World! in Golang
• Golang vs C++
• Golang vs Java
• Golang vs Python

Fundamentals

• Identifiers in Golang
• Keywords in Golang
• Data Types
• Variables
• Constants
• Rune in Golang
• Operators in Golang
• Scope of Variables
• Type Casting
• var Keyword in Golang
• Short Declaration Operator(:=)
• var keyword vs short declaration operator

Control Statements

• Decision Making Statements
• Loops in Golang
• Loop Control Statements
• Switch Statement in Go
• Deadlock and Default Case in Select Statement

Functions & Methods

• What are the Functions?
• Variadic Function
• Anonymous Function
• main and init function
• Function Arguments
• Function Returning Multiple Values
• Named Return Values
• Blank Identifier
• Defer
• Methods
• Methods With Same Name

Structure

• Structures
• Structure Equality
• Nested Structure
• Anonymous Structure and Fields
• Promoted Fields in Structure
• Promoted Methods in Structure
• Function as a Field in Structure

Arrays & Slices

• Arrays in Golang
• Copying an Array into Another Array in Golang
• Passing an Array to a Function in Golang
• Slices in Golang
• Slice Composite Literal
• Copying one Slice into another Slice
• Passing a Slice to Function
• Comparing two Slices in Golang
• Checking the Equality of Slices in Golang
• Sorting a Slice in Golang
• Trimming a Slice in Golang
• Splitting a Slice in Golang

String

• Strings in Golang
• Different ways to compare Strings
• Different ways to concatenate two strings
• Trimming a String in Golang
• Splitting a String in Golang
• Check if the given characters are present in String
• Repeating a String for Specific Number of Times
• Finding the index value of specified string
• Counting the Number of Repeated Characters in String

Pointers

• Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer)
• Pointers to a Function
• Returning Pointer from a Function
• Pointer to an Array as Function Argument
• Pointer to Struct
• Comparing Pointers
• Finding the Capacity of the Pointer
• Finding the Length of the Pointer

Interfaces

• Interfaces
• Multiple Interfaces
• Embedding Interfaces
• Polymorphism Using Interfaces

Concurrency

• Goroutines - Concurrency
• Select Statement
• Multiple Goroutines
• Goroutine vs Thread
• Channel in Golang
• Unidirectional Channel in Golang

Installing Golang on MacOS

Let's walk through the process of installing Go (often called Golang) on MacOS.

1. Download the Installer:

• Go to the official Go downloads page: https://golang.org/dl/.

• Choose the distribution appropriate for MacOS (it should have a name like goX.X.X.darwin-amd64.pkg, where X.X.X represents the version number).

2. Install Go:

• Open the downloaded .pkg file. This will start the installation process.

• Follow the prompts to install Go. The installer will set up the appropriate directories and paths.

3. Verify the Installation:

Once the installation is complete:

• Open your terminal.

• Enter go version to check if Go is installed correctly. It should display the version of Go that you've installed.

$ go version
go version goX.X.X darwin/amd64

• Additionally, you can check the Go environment setup using:

$ go env

4. Set up Your Workspace (Optional but Recommended):

Go has a unique approach to organizing code that's slightly different from other languages. While recent versions of Go have lessened the strictness of the workspace structure, it's still a good practice, especially if you're starting.

• Go code is kept inside a workspace. A workspace is a directory in your filesystem whose path is stored in the environment variable GOPATH.

• By default, GOPATH is set to ~/go. So, you'll have a directory in your home directory called go (i.e., /Users/your-username/go), which will be your workspace.

• Inside this go directory, there are typically three subdirectories: src (where your Go source code lives), bin (where the compiled binaries live), and pkg (where compiled package files live).

• To start a new project, create a new directory inside the src directory, and start writing your Go code in there.

5. Install Additional Tools (Optional):

Go provides a tool called go get which can be used to fetch and install Go packages and commands. This can be useful for installing additional tools and libraries.

For example, to install the popular Go code formatter gofmt, you'd use:

$ go get -u golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gofmt

Conclusion:

Now you've successfully installed Go on your MacOS and set up a basic workspace. The next steps would be to familiarize yourself with the language syntax, best practices, and other tooling that can help you become more productive with Go.