Golang Tutorial

• Introduction to Golang
• Installing Golang on Windows
• Installing Golang on MacOS
• Hello World! in Golang
• Golang vs C++
• Golang vs Java
• Golang vs Python

Fundamentals

• Identifiers in Golang
• Keywords in Golang
• Data Types
• Variables
• Constants
• Rune in Golang
• Operators in Golang
• Scope of Variables
• Type Casting
• var Keyword in Golang
• Short Declaration Operator(:=)
• var keyword vs short declaration operator

Control Statements

• Decision Making Statements
• Loops in Golang
• Loop Control Statements
• Switch Statement in Go
• Deadlock and Default Case in Select Statement

Functions & Methods

• What are the Functions?
• Variadic Function
• Anonymous Function
• main and init function
• Function Arguments
• Function Returning Multiple Values
• Named Return Values
• Blank Identifier
• Defer
• Methods
• Methods With Same Name

Structure

• Structures
• Structure Equality
• Nested Structure
• Anonymous Structure and Fields
• Promoted Fields in Structure
• Promoted Methods in Structure
• Function as a Field in Structure

Arrays & Slices

• Arrays in Golang
• Copying an Array into Another Array in Golang
• Passing an Array to a Function in Golang
• Slices in Golang
• Slice Composite Literal
• Copying one Slice into another Slice
• Passing a Slice to Function
• Comparing two Slices in Golang
• Checking the Equality of Slices in Golang
• Sorting a Slice in Golang
• Trimming a Slice in Golang
• Splitting a Slice in Golang

String

• Strings in Golang
• Different ways to compare Strings
• Different ways to concatenate two strings
• Trimming a String in Golang
• Splitting a String in Golang
• Check if the given characters are present in String
• Repeating a String for Specific Number of Times
• Finding the index value of specified string
• Counting the Number of Repeated Characters in String

Pointers

• Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer)
• Pointers to a Function
• Returning Pointer from a Function
• Pointer to an Array as Function Argument
• Pointer to Struct
• Comparing Pointers
• Finding the Capacity of the Pointer
• Finding the Length of the Pointer

Interfaces

• Interfaces
• Multiple Interfaces
• Embedding Interfaces
• Polymorphism Using Interfaces

Concurrency

• Goroutines - Concurrency
• Select Statement
• Multiple Goroutines
• Goroutine vs Thread
• Channel in Golang
• Unidirectional Channel in Golang

Golang vs C++

Go (often referred to as Golang) and C++ are both powerful programming languages, but they are designed with different philosophies and for different use cases. Here's a comparison of the two languages:

1. Design Philosophy:

• Go:

  • Go was created at Google to improve productivity and readability. It is designed to be simple and efficient, with a clean, concise syntax.
  • Go emphasizes concurrency as a first-class feature with goroutines and channels.
  • Go provides a garbage collector, which automatically manages memory.

• C++:

  • C++ is an extension of C, and its primary goal was to add object-oriented features to the C language.
  • It provides low-level access to memory and system resources.
  • C++ is known for its feature-rich standard library and templates, allowing for generic programming.

2. Performance:

• Go:

  • Generally offers performance comparable to Java or C#.
  • The presence of garbage collection can introduce latency in specific scenarios.

• C++:

  • Known for its high performance. It's one of the go-to languages for systems that require maximum efficiency.
  • Allows for manual memory management, which can lead to both optimizations and potential issues like memory leaks.

3. Memory Management:

• Go: Uses garbage collection.
• C++: Uses manual memory management, though smart pointers in the C++11 standard and later can automate some of this.

4. Concurrency:

• Go: Concurrency is built into the language, using goroutines (for lightweight thread-like structures) and channels (for communication between goroutines).
• C++: Concurrency support through the C++11 standard and later, with tools like std::thread. However, building concurrent systems can be more complex than in Go.

5. Standard Library:

• Go: Has a comprehensive standard library that provides a wide array of functionalities, especially for web services.
• C++: Has an extensive standard library, known as the STL (Standard Template Library), which includes containers, algorithms, and more.

6. Development Speed and Productivity:

• Go: Generally faster to write and maintain due to its simplicity. The built-in formatting tool (gofmt) and the singular coding style make Go codebases very consistent.
• C++: Offers more features, but it can be more complex and time-consuming to write and maintain. It also offers more ways to "shoot oneself in the foot."

7. Compatibility:

• Go: Not backward compatible. Although the Go team emphasizes stability, they occasionally make breaking changes.
• C++: Emphasizes backward compatibility. Old C++ code can often be compiled with modern compilers.

8. Use Cases:

• Go: Often used for web backends, microservices, data pipelines, and cloud-based applications.
• C++: Commonly used for system/application development, game development, real-time simulations, high-performance applications, and embedded systems.

9. Community and Popularity:

• Go: Younger than C++ but has gained a strong community, especially among startups and cloud-native projects.
• C++: Mature with a vast ecosystem. It has been in use for decades and has a large community.

10. Error Handling:

• Go: Uses explicit error handling using the error type. Functions often return an error as the last return value which has to be checked by the caller.
• C++: Uses exceptions for error handling, though not everyone uses or likes them.

Conclusion:

Choosing between Go and C++ depends on the specific requirements of a project. If you need raw performance and fine-grained control over system resources, C++ might be more suitable. On the other hand, if you prioritize development speed, simplicity, and built-in concurrency, Go might be a better choice.