Scala Tutorial

• Introduction to Scala
• Setting up the environment in Scala
• How to install Scala in Linux?
• How to install Scala in Windows?
• What makes Scala scalable?
• Hello World in Scala
• Scala | Uniform Access Principle
• Scala vs Java
• Python vs Scala
• Difference between Kotlin and Scala
• Scala | REPL

Basics

• Scala Keywords
• Scala Identifiers
• Data Types in Scala
• Variables in Scala
• Scala Console | println, printf and readLine
• Scala Identifiers
• Scala | Pattern Matching
• Comments In Scala
• Command Line Argument in Scala
• Enumeration in Scala
• Scope of Variables In Scala
• Scala | Ranges

Control Statements

• Scala | Decision Making
• Scala | Loops(while, do..while, for, nested loops)
• For Loop in Scala
• while and do while Loop in Scala
• Break statement in Scala
• Scala | Literals
• Scala | yield Keyword
• Scala | Type Inference

OOP Concepts

• Class and Object in Scala
• Inner class in Scala
• Inheritance in Scala
• Operators in Scala
• Operators Precedence in Scala
• Abstract Classes in Scala
• Singleton and Companion Objects
• Generic Classes in Scala
• Access Modifiers in Scala
• Scala Constructors
• Scala | Primary Constructor
• Scala | Auxiliary Constructor
• Calling A Super Class Constructor in Scala
• Extending a Class in Scala
• Scala | Case Class and Case Object
• Scala | Polymorphism
• Value classes
• Scala | Field Overriding
• Scala | Abstract Type members
• Type Casting in Scala
• Object Casting in Scala
• Object Equality in Scala
• Scala | Multithreading
• Scala | Final
• Scala this keyword
• Scala | Controlling visibility of constructor fields

Parameterized - Type

• Scala Type Hierarchy
• Scala | Lower Bound
• Scala | Upper bound
• Scala | Variances
• Scala | Null, null, Nil, Nothing, None, and Unit

Exceptions

• Scala | Exception Handling
• Throw Keyword in Scala
• Scala | Try-Catch Exceptions
• Scala | Finally Exceptions
• Scala | Either

Scala Annotation

• Scala | Annotation
• Scala | Self types Annotation

Methods

• Scala | Functions - Basics
• Currying Functions in Scala with Examples
• Anonymous Functions in Scala
• Higher Order Functions in Scala
• Scala | Named Arguments
• Scala | Functions Call-by-Name
• Scala | Closures
• Scala | Nested Functions
• Parameterless Method in Scala
• Recursion in Scala
• Tail Recursion in Scala
• Scala | Partially Applied functions
• Method Overloading in Scala
• Method Overriding in Scala
• Scala | Method Invocation
• Scala | Format and Formatted Method
• Controlling Method Scope In Scala
• Scala | Repeated Method Parameters
• Partial Functions in Scala
• Lambda Expression in Scala
• Scala Varargs
• Scala | Function Composition
• Call a method on a Super Class in Scala
• Implicit Conversions in Scala

String

• Scala String
• Scala | String Interpolation
• Scala | StringContext
• Regular Expressions in Scala
• StringBuilder in Scala
• String concatenation in Scala

Scala Packages

• Packages In Scala
• Scala | Package Objects
• Chained Package Clauses in Scala
• File Handling in Scala

Scala Trait

• Scala | Traits
• Scala | Sealed Trait
• Scala | Trait Mixins
• Trait Linearization in Scala
• Scala | Trait App
• Difference Between Traits and Abstract Classes in Scala
• Scala Trait Traversable

Collections

• Scala Lists
• Scala ListBuffer
• ListSet in Scala
• Scala | Arrays
• Multidimensional Arrays in Scala
• Scala | Create Array with Range
• Scala | ArrayBuffer
• Scala | Tuple
• Set in Scala
• BitSet in Scala
• HashSet In Scala
• Stack in Scala
• HashMap in Scala
• ListMap in Scala
• TreeSet in Scala
• Scala | Reduce, fold or scan
• Iterators in Scala
• Scala Map
• Scala | Methods to Call on a Map
• Scala | map() method

Scala Options

• Scala | Option
• Scala | Methods to Call Option
• Scala | unapplySeq() method

Miscellaneous Topics

• Getters and Setters in Scala
• Scala Extractors
• Scala For Comprehensions
• Scala | Sequence Comprehensions
• The Factory Pattern in Scala
• Scala | Lazy Evaluation
• Monads in Scala
• Lazy val and Infinite Sequences in Scala
• Scala Stream
• Recursive Streams and collection in Scala
• Placeholder Syntax in Scala
• Scala | Sieve of Eratosthenes
• Using Extractors with Pattern Matching In Scala
• Overriding Accessors and Mutators in Scala

Python vs Scala

Python and Scala are both powerful, high-level languages, but they have distinct characteristics, use cases, and communities. Here's a comparison:

1. Paradigm:

• Python:

  • Primarily an imperative language, but supports multiple paradigms including procedural, object-oriented, and limited functional programming.

• Scala:

  • A hybrid language that combines object-oriented and functional programming paradigms. It is built on top of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

2. Performance:

• Python:

  • Typically slower due to its interpreted nature. Although tools like PyPy (an alternative JIT compiler) or Cython can boost performance, it generally doesn't match JVM languages in performance.

• Scala:

  • As a statically-typed language running on the JVM, Scala can offer performance closer to Java. This makes it more suitable for computationally intensive tasks and large-scale data processing.

3. Usage & Application:

• Python:

  • Very versatile: widely used in web development, data science, artificial intelligence, automation, and scientific computing. Libraries like TensorFlow, Pandas, and Django support these domains.

• Scala:

  • Particularly popular for big data applications due to frameworks like Apache Spark. Also used in web development (Play, Akka) and other general-purpose applications.

4. Syntax:

• Python:

  • Praised for its readability and concise syntax, often described by the mantra "There should be one��and preferably only one��obvious way to do it."

• Scala:

  • Flexible syntax that can sometimes lead to multiple ways to achieve the same result. Supports many advanced language features that can be both powerful and complex.

5. Concurrency:

• Python:

  • Python has the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) which makes it challenging to utilize multi-core processors with threads. There are ways around this, such as multiprocessing or using external libraries.

• Scala:

  • Offers more sophisticated tools for concurrency and parallelism, such as the Akka framework with the actor model.

6. Ecosystem:

• Python:

  • Has a vast ecosystem and a package for almost everything. PyPI (Python Package Index) is rich with libraries and frameworks.

• Scala:

  • Strong ecosystem, especially for big data (Spark, Kafka). SBT is the build tool of choice, and there are many libraries available, though not as many as Python.

7. Learning Curve:

• Python:

  • Often recommended as a first language due to its simplicity.

• Scala:

  • Can be more challenging for beginners, especially because of its combined functional and OOP features.

8. Type System:

• Python:

  • Dynamically typed, though type annotations were introduced in Python 3.5, allowing for optional static typing.

• Scala:

  • Statically typed with a powerful type inference system, allowing for concise code while maintaining type safety.

Conclusion:

While both Python and Scala have their strengths, the best choice often depends on the specific application and the developer's preferences. If you're diving into big data processing, Scala (with Spark) might be a preferred choice. On the other hand, for quick scripting, web development, or data science tasks, Python remains extremely popular.