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Docker install Nginx

In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create a Docker container running Nginx, a popular web server and reverse proxy server. We'll use the official Nginx image provided by the Docker community.

Prerequisites:
- Install Docker on your system
Pull the official Nginx image:
To pull the official Nginx image, run the following command:
```
docker pull nginx
```
This will download the latest version of the Nginx image to your system.
Create a new container with Nginx:
To create a new Docker container running Nginx, use the docker run command. We'll map the container's port 80 (the default Nginx HTTP port) to the host's port 80, so you can access the Nginx server from your host machine:
```
docker run --name nginx-container -p 80:80 -d nginx
```
This command creates a new container named nginx-container, maps the container's port 80 to the host's port 80, and runs the container in detached mode (-d flag). The container will run the Nginx server using the default configuration.
Verify the Nginx container is running:
To check if the Nginx container is running, use the docker ps command:
```
docker ps
```
You should see your nginx-container listed as running.
Access the Nginx server:
Open your browser and navigate to http://localhost. You should see the Nginx default welcome page.
Customize the Nginx configuration (Optional):
If you want to customize the Nginx configuration, you can create a local configuration file (e.g., nginx.conf) and mount it as a volume inside the container. Additionally, you can mount a directory with your website files as a volume.
First, create a new directory for your configuration files and website files:
```
mkdir nginx-config
mkdir website
```
Next, create a new nginx.conf file in the nginx-config directory and customize it as needed. You can use the default nginx.conf file from the Nginx image as a starting point. To obtain the default configuration file, you can run the following command:
```
docker cp nginx-container:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx-config/nginx.conf
```
This command copies the default nginx.conf file from the running nginx-container to your local nginx-config directory.
Now, edit the nginx-config/nginx.conf file using your preferred text editor, and apply your desired changes. Update the configuration file to point to the /website directory inside the container for serving your website files.
After customizing the configuration file, stop and remove the existing nginx-container:
```
docker stop nginx-container
docker rm nginx-container
```
Finally, create a new container with the customized configuration, mounting the local nginx-config directory and website directory as volumes inside the container:
```
docker run --name custom-nginx-container -p 80:80 -v $(pwd)/nginx-config/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v $(pwd)/website:/website -d nginx
```
This command creates a new container named custom-nginx-container, maps the container's port 80 to the host's port 80, mounts the local nginx-config/nginx.conf file as a volume at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and the website directory as a volume at /website.

Running Nginx in Docker Container:
- Description: Run Nginx in a Docker container to serve web applications or static content.
- Code Example:
```
docker run -d -p 80:80 --name my-nginx-container nginx:latest
```
How to Create a Docker Image with Nginx:
- Description: Create a custom Docker image with Nginx installed using a Dockerfile.
- Code Example (Dockerfile):
```
FROM nginx:latest
# Add custom configurations or content
```
Docker-Compose Nginx Installation:
- Description: Use Docker Compose to define and run multi-container Docker applications, including Nginx.
- Code Example (docker-compose.yml):
```
version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
```
Nginx Dockerfile Example:
- Description: A Dockerfile example for creating a custom Nginx image with additional configurations or content.
- Code Example (Dockerfile):
```
FROM nginx:latest
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
Setting Up Nginx in a Docker Environment:
- Description: Configure Nginx settings, such as virtual hosts or SSL, within a Docker environment.
- Code Example (docker-compose.yml):
```
version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```

Configuring Nginx in Docker-Compose:

Description: Customize Nginx configurations using Docker Compose for a multi-container environment.

Code Example (docker-compose.yml):

version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html

Docker Nginx Image Customization:
- Description: Customize the Nginx image by adding configurations, SSL certificates, or creating a specific web server environment.
- Code Example (Dockerfile):
```
FROM nginx:latest
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY ssl.crt /etc/nginx/ssl.crt
COPY ssl.key /etc/nginx/ssl.key
```
Docker Nginx Volume Mounts:
- Description: Use Docker volumes to mount external directories or SSL certificates into Nginx containers for persistence.
- Code Example (docker-compose.yml):
```
version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html
      - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl
```
Custom Nginx Image Creation in Docker:
- Description: Create a custom Nginx image with specific configurations and content for your web application.
- Code Example (Dockerfile):
```
FROM nginx:latest
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY custom-content /usr/share/nginx/html
```
Docker Swarm and Nginx Service:
- Description: Deploy Nginx as a service in a Docker Swarm to scale and manage multiple Nginx containers.
- Code Example (docker-compose.yml):
```
version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      # Other Swarm deployment configurations
```
Troubleshooting Nginx in Docker:
- Description: Troubleshoot Nginx-related issues in Docker by examining logs, checking configurations, and verifying container settings.
- Code Example:
```
docker logs <nginx_container_id_or_name>
```