C Programming Language Tutorial

Variables and Data Types

Input/Output

Looping and Selection Structures

Array

Functions

Preprocessing Command

Pointer

Structure

File Operations

Important Knowledge

Output C Programming Data On The Screen

In this tutorial, we will learn how to output various types of data on the screen in C programming language. The printf() function is the most commonly used function for displaying data on the screen.

printf() function:

The printf() function is part of the standard I/O library (stdio.h) and is used to output formatted text on the screen. The function takes a format string as its first argument, followed by a variable number of arguments representing the data to be displayed.

The syntax for the printf() function is:

int printf(const char *format, ...);

Here, format is a string that contains placeholders for the data, and ... represents the additional arguments, which correspond to the placeholders in the format string.

Placeholders and format specifiers:

Placeholders in the format string are preceded by a % character and followed by a format specifier that indicates the type of data to be displayed. Some common format specifiers are:

%d or %i: Display an integer value.
%u: Display an unsigned integer value.
%f: Display a floating-point value.
%lf: Display a double-precision floating-point value.
%c: Display a character.
%s: Display a string.
%%: Display a literal '%' character.

Example: Outputting various types of data:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  int num = 42;
  float pi = 3.14159f;
  double e = 2.718281828459045;
  char initial = 'A';
  const char *message = "Hello, world!";

  printf("The number is: %d\n", num);
  printf("The float value of pi is: %f\n", pi);
  printf("The double value of e is: %lf\n", e);
  printf("The initial is: %c\n", initial);
  printf("The message is: %s\n", message);

  return 0;
}

Output:

The number is: 42
The float value of pi is: 3.141590
The double value of e is: 2.718282
The initial is: A
The message is: Hello, world!

In the example above, we use the printf() function to display various types of data, including integers, floating-point numbers, double-precision floating-point numbers, characters, and strings.

In summary, to output various types of data on the screen in C programming language, you can use the printf() function with appropriate placeholders and format specifiers. This allows you to display different data types in a formatted and readable manner.

Using printf for Formatted Output in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Using printf for formatted output
    int num = 42;
    printf("The answer is: %d\n", num);
    return 0;
}

Output:

The answer is: 42

printf is a powerful function for formatted output in C.

Print Statements and Display Data in C Language:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Print statements to display data
    float value = 3.14;
    printf("The value of PI is: %f\n", value);
    return 0;
}

Output:

The value of PI is: 3.140000

printf can handle various data types, including floats.

C Code Examples Demonstrating Output to the Screen:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Code examples demonstrating output to the screen
    printf("Hello, ");
    printf("World!\n");
    return 0;
}

Output:

Hello, World!

Multiple printf statements can be used for sequential output.

Formatting Options in printf for Various Data Types in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Formatting options in printf for various data types
    int integerVal = 123;
    float floatVal = 3.14159;
    char charVal = 'A';

    printf("Integer: %d, Float: %.2f, Char: %c\n", integerVal, floatVal, charVal);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Integer: 123, Float: 3.14, Char: A

%d, %.2f, %c, etc., are format specifiers for different data types.

Writing to Standard Output in C Programming:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Writing to standard output
    fprintf(stdout, "This is written to standard output.\n");
    return 0;
}

Output:

This is written to standard output.

fprintf allows writing to different output streams, and stdout is the standard output.

Escape Sequences for Special Characters in C Output:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Escape sequences for special characters
    printf("This is a new line.\n");
    printf("This is a tab\tcharacter.\n");
    return 0;
}

Output:

This is a new line.
This is a tab    character.

Escape sequences (\n, \t, etc.) provide special formatting in the output.

Error Handling in Output Statements in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Error handling in output statements
    int result = printf("This is a valid statement.\n");
    if (result < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error during output.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

printf returns the number of characters printed. Negative values indicate errors.

Writing to Files vs Printing to Console in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Writing to files vs printing to console
    FILE *file = fopen("output.txt", "w");
    if (file != NULL) {
        fprintf(file, "This is written to a file.\n");
        fclose(file);
        printf("Data written to file.\n");
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error opening the file.\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

Data written to file.

fprintf can be used to write to files instead of the console.