Binary, Octal And Hexadecimal

In this tutorial, we'll discuss how to work with binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers in the C programming language. These number systems are essential for understanding computer systems and low-level programming tasks.

Representation of numbers in different bases:

Binary (base 2): Uses 0 and 1
Octal (base 8): Uses 0-7
Decimal (base 10): Uses 0-9 (default in C)
Hexadecimal (base 16): Uses 0-9 and A-F (or a-f)

Declaring and initializing integer literals in different bases:

To declare and initialize integer literals in binary, octal, or hexadecimal, use the following prefixes:

Binary: 0b or 0B
Octal: 0
Hexadecimal: 0x or 0X

int binaryNumber = 0b1010;       // 10 in decimal
int octalNumber = 012;           // 10 in decimal
int hexadecimalNumber = 0xA;     // 10 in decimal

Printing integers in different bases:

To print integers in different bases, use format specifiers with the printf() function:

Binary: There is no built-in format specifier for binary, so you will need to implement a custom function.
Octal: %o
Decimal: %d
Hexadecimal: %x (lowercase) or %X (uppercase)

#include <stdio.h>

void printBinary(int num) {
    if (num > 1) {
        printBinary(num / 2);
    }
    printf("%d", num % 2);
}

int main() {
    int number = 10;

    printf("Binary: ");
    printBinary(number);
    printf("\n");

    printf("Octal: %o\n", number);
    printf("Decimal: %d\n", number);
    printf("Hexadecimal: %x\n", number); // Use %X for uppercase

    return 0;
}

The output will be:

Binary: 1010
Octal: 12
Decimal: 10
Hexadecimal: a

That's it for our tutorial on binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers in the C programming language. Understanding different number systems and how to work with them in C is essential for low-level programming tasks, debugging, and working with memory addresses or bitwise operations.

C program for converting decimal to binary:

#include <stdio.h>

void decimalToBinary(int n) {
    if (n > 1)
        decimalToBinary(n / 2);
    printf("%d", n % 2);
}

int main() {
    int decimalNumber = 10;
    printf("Binary representation: ");
    decimalToBinary(decimalNumber);

    return 0;
}

Converts a decimal number to its binary representation.

Converting binary to decimal in C program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int binaryToDecimal(long long binaryNumber) {
    int decimalNumber = 0, i = 0, remainder;
    while (binaryNumber != 0) {
        remainder = binaryNumber % 10;
        binaryNumber /= 10;
        decimalNumber += remainder * pow(2, i);
        ++i;
    }
    return decimalNumber;
}

int main() {
    long long binaryNumber = 1010;
    printf("Decimal representation: %d\n", binaryToDecimal(binaryNumber));

    return 0;
}

Converts a binary number to its decimal representation.

C code for handling octal numbers:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int octalNumber = 075;
    printf("Octal representation: %o\n", octalNumber);

    return 0;
}

Shows the octal representation of a number.

Manipulating hexadecimal numbers in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int hexadecimalNumber = 0xA;
    printf("Hexadecimal representation: %X\n", hexadecimalNumber);

    return 0;
}

Demonstrates manipulating and printing a hexadecimal number.