Convert String from Uppercase to Lowercase - tolower() method in R

The tolower() function in R is utilized to convert strings from uppercase to lowercase. Here's a step-by-step tutorial on how to use the tolower() function:

1. Basic Usage:

Convert a simple string to lowercase:

str1 <- "HELLO WORLD"
str1_lower <- tolower(str1)
print(str1_lower)  # "hello world"

2. Using with Character Vectors:

The tolower() function can be applied to character vectors, and it will operate element-wise:

fruits <- c("APPLE", "BANANA", "CHERRY")
fruits_lower <- tolower(fruits)
print(fruits_lower)  # "apple" "banana" "cherry"

3. Mixed Case Strings:

If a string contains mixed case (both uppercase and lowercase letters), tolower() will convert only the uppercase letters:

mixed_str <- "HeLLo WoRlD"
mixed_lower <- tolower(mixed_str)
print(mixed_lower)  # "hello world"

4. Non-Alphabetic Characters:

Characters that don't have a case distinction (like numbers, punctuation, etc.) will not be modified by tolower():

special_str <- "HELLO123! WORLD."
special_lower <- tolower(special_str)
print(special_lower)  # "hello123! world."

5. Using with Factors:

If you apply tolower() directly to a factor, you might not get the expected outcome because it's not designed for factors. To safely convert factor levels to lowercase:

Convert the factor to a character.
Apply tolower().
Convert back to a factor if required.

fact <- factor(c("APPLE", "BANANA", "CHERRY"))
fact_lower <- factor(tolower(as.character(fact)))
print(fact_lower)

Key Takeaways:

tolower() is a simple and vital function in R for converting strings to lowercase.
This function can be applied to both individual strings and character vectors.
When working with factors, it's a good practice to convert them to character vectors first before applying tolower().

With this tutorial, you should now be well-equipped to convert strings from uppercase to lowercase in R using the tolower() function.

Convert string to lowercase in R:

# Create a character string
uppercase_string <- "HELLO, WORLD!"

# Convert string to lowercase using tolower()
lowercase_string <- tolower(uppercase_string)

How to change case in R using tolower():

# Create a character vector
mixed_case_vector <- c("apple", "Banana", "Cherry")

# Change case to lowercase using tolower()
lowercase_vector <- tolower(mixed_case_vector)

String manipulation in R tolower():

# Create a character string
mixed_case_string <- "MiXeDCaSe"

# Perform lowercase conversion using tolower()
lowercase_result <- tolower(mixed_case_string)

R convert all letters to lowercase:

# Create a character string
mixed_case_string <- "CONVERT ME TO LOWERCASE"

# Convert all letters to lowercase using tolower()
all_lowercase_result <- tolower(mixed_case_string)

tolower() function in R with strings:

# Create a character string
uppercase_string <- "Transform Me To Lowercase"

# Apply tolower() function to convert to lowercase
lowercase_result <- tolower(uppercase_string)

R programming change case of characters to lowercase:

# Create a character vector
mixed_case_vector <- c("Change", "CASE", "oF", "characters")

# Change case to lowercase using tolower()
lowercase_result <- tolower(mixed_case_vector)

Lowercase conversion in R with tolower():

# Create a character vector
uppercase_vector <- c("ONE", "TWO", "THREE")

# Perform lowercase conversion using tolower()
lowercase_result <- tolower(uppercase_vector)

R tolower() vs toupper() function:

# Create a character string
mixed_case_string <- "MiXeDcAsE"

# Compare tolower() and toupper() functions
lowercase_result <- tolower(mixed_case_string)
uppercase_result <- toupper(mixed_case_string)